Sexism And Racism Essay - 1301 Words

Allison Price English 3 12 August 2017 MLA Sexism and Racism within the American Judicial System There is blatant sexism and racism within the American Judicial System shown by a lack of convictions and inconsistent sentencing. Despite many small steps forward towards equality, injustice and systemic racism still find their way into the cases and verdicts we hear on the news every day. The battle for racial and gender equality is a fight that’s been fought diligently for centuries and while steps forward of all sizes are significant, recent steps backwards have left our society sure of only one thing: there is a lack of continuity regarding race and gender equality. Based on government documents, public cases, and private studies it is†¦show more content†¦Robinson brought to the courtroom her experience with UNC investigators, in which Artis was regarded â€Å"in a tone of camaraderie,†(Stancill) communicating to him that he should continue his football career and that he shouldn’t â€Å"sweat it.† These allegations directly and blatantly br ing forward the bias towards both men and male athletes in situations where the law is involved in a serious setting. Like Robinson in this specific case, women are almost always questioned about what they were wearing, how much they had been drinking, and their relationship with the person they have accused, as if these pieces of information can change the guilt status of an abuser or rapist. Why are men told not to â€Å"sweat it† when their college athletic careers, which bring in a certain profit for universities, are on the line while sometimes even video evidence isn’t enough for a woman to sway a jury of their abuser’s guilt? That answer is obvious: sexism. Somewhat more disguised are the verdicts made between black and white men serving time for the same exact crime. Most predominant are the issues surfacing in Florida, where a point system exists that is supposed to calculate sentences after heavy evaluation of the severity of the crime, the defendant’s record, and several other factors. Essentially, the goal is to create the same set of results for criminals in Orlando as are seen by criminals in Key West or Miami. A Herald Tribune article on sentencing has reported that inShow MoreRelatedSexism and Racism in â€Å"The Color Purple† Essays870 Words   |  4 Pages I feel every person should care about sexism and racism, because these two issues affect everyone. â€Å"The Color Purple† is a great film that focuses on the problems African American women faced during the early 1900s. The Color Purple provides a disturbing and realistic account into the life of Celie, a poor southern black woman with a sad and a busive past and Sophia, another poor southern black woman with a sad and abusive past. Sexism is a form of discrimination based on a personsRead MoreRacism and Sexism for Non-Whites Essay example1233 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many problems with our society as it is today. The amount of racism and sexism people whom have to deal with it face, is prevalent, and relentless with every person they encounter. Everyone gets a level of respect when they meet another person. 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Abortion Free Essays

This paper encapsulates the general ideas surrounding the controversial topic of abortion. The paper displays the views of the members of my community . The mall idea of the paper Is centrally relevant to the topic of how abortion affects relationships; the causes and their effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abortion is a common practice among the women of today’s society. Though many pro -life activists argue that it is murder, many women feel it is their right to make decisions that will affect their bodies. By definition, the term abortion refers to the premature termination of pregnancy by induced expulsion of a nonviable fetus from he uterus. Living in a community where there are several forms of relationship made it easy to conduct the research as couples were eager to assist me In determining the methods that should be used to reduce the practice. Problem Statement: Survey abortion and how It affects relationships. Research Questions: a) How does abortion affect partners in a relationship? B) What are the effects of having an abortion? ) To what extent do people support the legalization of abortion? D) How does the church and wider society view the issue of abortion? E) What are the underlying causes why people perform abortions? Method of Research This research was completed with the lad of a self drafted questionnaire. The questionnaire was attempted by 30 members of my community. The results of the questionnaire were then documented and the results put into the required portions of this paper. Observations compiled from interviews with another set of participants are also documented and displayed in the research. There were several precautions I took to ensure the accuracy of the data I would be collecting: a) The questionnaire was succinct and took between 10 – 15 minutes to be completed b) I promised anonymity to the participants. ) The questions were drafted so that the participant could display much candor and Integrity In their responses. Instruments used to Gather Data Topic: A survey on abortion and how it affects relationships. Dear Resident: This letter is an introduction to a questionnaire which I am seeking your assistance to complete. The questionnaire is requiring that you help me determine the effects of an abortion on a relationship. Answers will be held in anonymity therefore I do not require that you submit your name. I kindly implore that you provide your most honest opinion, because the results of these questionnaires will be submitted in School Based Assessment. Your time and patience is sincerely appreciated. Sincerely yours, Shellac Questionnaire Aim: To determine your views on the issue of abortion, specifically the effects it has on relationships. Information provided is strictly confidential so please do not submit your name. Instructions: Complete all questions in your most honest opinion. How to cite Abortion, Papers Abortion Free Essays Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. If a woman falls pregnant and does not wish to go through with the pregnancy then she might choose to have an abortion. Abortion is a moral issue which people have many different feelings towards. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people say it is okay to abort a baby but other individuals are strongly against it and consider abortions as murder. Sometimes people are against it because they believe it is wrong but some are against it because of their religion, their background and the way they were brought up.People who are for abortions may have experienced one previously and think it is okay in certain circumstances. They may also know of a friend or relative who has had an abortion and realised that it was for the best. In this essay I will be discussing the arguments for and against abortion. Some people are against abortion because they think women use it as a type of contraception and use the service far too often. They believe women should be more careful and use contraception methods that are easily available to them rather than taking the abortion service for granted. This means that women can decide if they are ready for a child and stop using the contraception. This gives women a sense of control within their bodies. Taking the abortion service for granted if wrong and unfair on the women who are physically unable to have children for certain medical reasons. Some women who are unable to have children, and will adopt in the future if they wish to have a child, think it is very unfair that many women are aborting their babies simply because they decided they don’t want it.Abortions were made legal so women had the right to choose weather they want to have a child or not. Women can choose what happens with their body. Hinduism is generally against abortion apart from when the mothers life is at risk. Traditional Hinduism and many modern Hindus also see abortion as going against the duty of them to produce children in order to continue the family and produce new members of society. However, the Church of England encourages people to think through the issue of abortion very carefully and ecognises that each individual will have different views of abortion. They understand that under some circumstances abortion is considered as ‘ok’. Some of the reasons for abortion is that nearly all abortions take place in the first stages of pregnancy, when a foetus cannot exist without the mother. As it is attached by the placenta and umbilical cord, its health is completely dependant on the mothers health, and cannot be regarded as a separate person as it cannot exist outside her womb.Another reason is that teenagers who become mothers have grim prospects for the future. They are much more likely to leave school; receive inadequate parental care; rely on public assistance to raise a child; develop health problems; or end up divorced. If a teenager was to fall pregnant then a good option for them would be abortion. It would not be fair to bring a child into this world if the mother would be unable to support a family.I am for abortions, I think they are very suitable if the person has a good enough reason. I also definitely agree with abortion when it comes to rape. I think that if a woman is raped she should have the option to destroy the child. I understand that this would be very hard to determine, but I think it would be the best way to handle the situation. A woman has the right to do what she wants with her body and should be able to choose weather or not she wants a baby, therefore I am for abortion. . How to cite Abortion, Papers Abortion Free Essays In my own words I think that abortion Is a broad topic. Some people are against It, most religious people too, but If you come to know the person who Is In this situation they might have their own reasons to go this way. Part of it might be that they have other plans and having a baby is not in them. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example high school graduates that are planning on going to college. Now let’s say this person in high school was not in the position to have a family, but decided to have this baby because abortion Is â€Å"bad†. It is more likely that this person Is going to fall as a parent because they don’t have the knowledge or the life experience to raise a child. When the government realizes that you are not prepared to have this child it’s possible that they will remove the child from your house. This might be just as bad or even worst, and I’m not saying that this happens all the time but in some situations it does. Now let’s see it from another perspective, this embryo or fetus as far as I’m unconcerned Is like any other animal. I base this on the idea that what makes us human Is our consciousness, which we develop between the ages of 4-5. Scientists call It stream of consciousness, that we all develop by this age. Humans kill all kinds of animals to perpetuate human survival. Why is abortion bad to prevent overpopulation, to prevent having kids with more problems than the parents can handle? Of course this is Just my voice and my thoughts. How to cite Abortion, Papers Abortion Free Essays Abortion? With being a woman come a great responsibility, the responsibility of motherhood. The role women have as mothers in society is substantial and dangerous. The choice of being a mother is not a choice that is in full power of the woman, this choice is shared with men. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout history the debate over abortion has not reached a definite decision regarding its legitimacy. The choice in giving birth to a child is no choice for many if not most women in America. The Right to choose to have a child has been taken away from women as individuals and has been placed at the hand of the population at large. Wether abortion is right or wrong it is an option not accessible to many women and therefore deprives them from having a full sense of freedom. Women cannot share the right to choose to give birth or not with a crowd in which most of it’s participants (men) can’t assimilate the responsibility and sacrifice childcare requires. As mothers, women are the only ones to suffer full mental and physical hardship the choice of childbirth brings. If this is the case, how is it that both men and women hold equal rights on the legal standing of abortion? Abortion is a choice, whom only affects women physically and therefore should only be a choice taken by the woman. Besides the physical implications pregnancy brings, the mother as well has a responsibility in the future of that fetus. This is where, the access to abortion becomes crucial. If a woman chooses to have an abortion she and the fetus are the only ones affected. Abortion isn’t a choice that is taken lightly by women, women seek abortion as means of a last resort. Usually when abortion is chosen it is due to the fact that the supposed mother has concluded that the life of the fetus if bourn will not be adequate and it is not guaranteed the safety and well being of the child in the future. If the option of abortion is taken from women it poses a large issue, according to the European Journal of Social Sciences â€Å"When an adult, either a woman or a man, states that they are not ready or interested in having a child, it might have a disproportionate future implication. There are several cases of depression, drug and alcohol abuse, self-mutilation, psychosis, and finally suicide, among people who know they were unwanted babies. Several parents even say that openly to their children, causing disproportional trauma and an eternal feeling of not belonging and poor self-esteem. † Un wanted pregnancies can have lots of negative outcomes, more often involving the future of the child. The right to choose to have a child or not is slowly slipping away from the hands of women. In the debate over abortion there are two opposing stand points, which are pro-choice and pro-life. Pro-choice is a stand point that advocates abortion and is pushing for a abortion to become legal in all states. Pro-choice argues that when abortion is illegal women cannot experience full freedom. Abortion, provides an option to women who’s life of their own and of their offspring is not fully guaranteed to work out, to instead not have an unwanted child and save the mother from then having to give that child up, saving the child from an unknown future. As well, it saves the mother from and the child if it comes from an unwanted pregnancy from having to abruptly change her life to respond to the child, which in most cases forces young teens of school and thus not letting them progress in life individually and for the child. The child then also suffers from not having the full parental support and attention since the parent is either unfit or unable to provide this care. Pro-choice not only focuses on the choice women deserve as birth givers to choose whether they are capable of performing the required task and from taking the responsibility of bringing new life into the world, they also advocate for women’s reproductive rights at a large overview. In the concerns regarding politics and abortion, abortion is not the only issue women face. Besides the threat of their right to choose abortion or not, being fully annihilated, they also face the threat of have proper reproductive healthcare. Most States in which abortion is illegal, they as well do not offer proper reproductive healthcare and prenatal care facilities that can be accessible to all social classes. The lack of reproductive healthcare, prenatal care and advisement leads to the same concurring issue of an over produced number of unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. The opposing view point to pro-choice is pro-life, which advocates for the criminalization of abortion in all states. The pro-life stand point is one that can be divided in to two points of view, one taking its view from a moral perspective and the other one initiating it’s view from a religious tand. Although this two perspectives can often times be one in the same, it is best to disregard the religious point of view, since it is bias do to the fact that it bases it’s opinions in tradition and the fact that it responds to a non physically existent being. In the European Journal of Social Sciences, it is stated that abortion is a selfis h act only centered around the mother as an individual. Pro-life supporters main argument is that abortion is like murder, killing an unborn baby is the same a killing one that is already born. Ironically many pro-life supporters also approve of war, this creates an ethical contradiction to their original beliefs against abortion. Pro-life supporters who advocate against abortion but at the same time support war present a rather hypocritical view point. They see abortion as murder but they do not see war the same way. If any thing war causes more fatalities than abortion. Pro-life supporters who are truly pro-life consider war and abortion the same way, both as wrongful acts of humanity. True pro-life supporters have the shared belief that all life is sacred and that when it comes to the issue of abortion, the argument is that life begins at conception. In the continuing resistance between pro-choice and pro-life, the question of when does life start is the major counter point in this opposing view points. As stated before pro-life argues that life begins at conception, in the other hand the opposing view point of pro-choice, relies on fertile viability. Pro-life has present the argument that life begins at conception because it is only within a few weeks that the embryo develops a beating heart. On the contrary, pro-choice argues that the embryo cannot be consider life or an individual until it can sustain its own life, this happens when the embryo reaches the first trimester. At the first trimester the embryo begins to support it’s own life and is therefor not considered a part of the mother any longer. Pro-choice supporters believe that up until the first trimester, women should obtain the right to choose whether they want to continue with their pregnancy or if they choose to terminate it. What can truly be considered the starting point of life can only be determined by the individual. Both sides pro-choice and pro-life are neither right or wrong, it is a dilemma with too many factors involved to reach a conclusion. The answer to wether abortion is morally incorrect can’t be answered, do to the fact that morality is an individual perception. One argument that can be conclude is wether abortion should be legal or not. Passing all other factors in the argument of abortion, the legal matter is that legal abortion is a choice it is not a forceful act upon which all women must abide by but illegal abortion limits women’s rights as mothers and all women must abide by it. The standing the United States has on abortion is one that is not fully pro-choice or pro-life, according to the Women’s Choice and Reproductive Health Protection Act of 1995 â€Å"The 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade established constitutionally based limits on the power of States to restrict the right of a woman to choose to terminate a pregnancy. Under the strict  scrutiny standard enunciated in Roe v. Wade, States were required to demonstrate that laws restricting the right of a woman to choose to terminate a pregnancy were the least restrictive means available to achieve a compelling State interest. Since 1989, the Supreme Court has no longer applied the strict scrutiny standard in reviewing challenges to the constitutionality of State laws restricting such rights. † The nations political standing on abortion is one that only presents problems rather than any benefits to both opposing parties. Do to the fact that abortion and reproductive health rights are decided by the states rather than the federal government, has caused many states to deprive women from any abortion or reproductive health care rights such as various forms of contraception. This legal standing has also brought up a conflict among states. The Women’s Choice and Reproductive Health Protection Act of 1995 also informs that â€Å"restrictions operate cumulatively to increase the number of illegal or  medically less safe abortions, often resulting in physical impairment, loss of reproductive capacity or death to the women involved burden interstate commerce by forcing women to travel from States in which legal barriers render contraception or abortion unavailable or unsafe to other States or foreign nations interfere with freedom of travel between and among the various States burden the medical and economic resources of States that continue to provide women with access to safe and legal abortion; and interfere with the ability of medical professionals to provide health services; obstruct access to and use of contraceptive and other medical techniques that are part of interstate and international commerce; discriminate between women who are able to afford interstate and international travel and women who are not, a disproportionate number of whom belong to racial or ethnic minorities; and infringe upon women’s ability to exercise full enjoyment of rights secured to them by Federal and State law, both statutory and constitutional. † All the issues that come with the legal standing of abortion can only and need to be compromised at a federal level. No state should have individual rules for an issue that is nation wide and of top national concern. This disagreements can only be broken through a middle ground, both pro-choice and pro-life have a good opinion, but in the case of the argument of pro-choice which wins over pro-life, is that you can’t implant one persons moral ethics to another. Moral ethics come from an individual point of view and should only be addressed individually, like in the case of abortion, abortion is a one side choice which only affects one person and that person only, the woman. Therefore, the woman should be ultimate keeper in the choice of what she is able to accomplish physical and mentally. Works Cited The Women’s Choice and Reproductive Health Protection Act of 1995. In the House of Representatives. Smith, Andrea. â€Å"Beyond Pro-Choice versus Pro-Life: Women of Color and Reproductive Justice. † NWSA Journal 17 (2005): 119-140 Berer, Marge. â€Å"Whatever Happened to ‘A Woman’s Right to Choose’? † Feminist Review 29 (1988): 24-37 Lopez, Raquel. â€Å"Perspectives on Abortion: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, and What Lies in between. † European Journal of Social Sciences 27 (2012): 511-517 Sweet, Ellen. â€Å"REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS AND THE SUPREME COURT: WHEN ‘ACTIVISM† GOES WRONG† Women’s Studies Quarterly 35 (2007): 338-343 Lieberman, Alice. , Davis, Liane V. â€Å"The Role of Social Work in the Defense of Reproductive Rights. † Social Work 37 (1992): 365-370 How to cite Abortion?, Papers Abortion Free Essays Abortion has been a topic of discussion by women for ages, and still there is not an answer. Women of all ages, background status, economic status, race, religion or any other reason we can come up with about abortion – has been in the past, is today and will be in the future – choices will be decided, some after much advice and counseling. Yet before the final decision, usually there are questions that are asked ‘what if’, or doubts of ‘but’, and other excuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abortion is an issue that the United States has decided to take a pro-choice position and defend women’s rights by supporting her decision whether aborting or not. This is not a pro-life and pro-abortion issue, it is a pro-life and pro-choice problem. Abortion has been a source of considerable controversy throughout human history. It involves removal of the embryo from the uterus before it can reach viability. An abortion can be induced through surgery or medicine, or can occur accidentally. Colloquially, abortion refers to an induced end to pregnancy, while an accidental end is termed ‘miscarriage’. Also, abortion is not an assassination since a fetus depends on its mother for its first three months, and abortions primarily occur in the first two weeks and usually, never after the 3rd month. Women for generations have been taught that abortion is a sin because they have committed murder since they had pre-marital sex, got pregnant, and that God was punishing them. God does not allow us to suffer, rather it is us and society who condemns. â€Å"You see, God is larger than our confined spaces and limited views. He sees situations from the vantage point of what he can do for those who will turn to him. This is God’s Heart: ‘The Lord is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, and rich in love. The Lord is good to all; he has compassion on all he has made†. When we research the topic, women have given several reasons for their choices. In my family, one of my great-grandmothers made a choice to have a child before she was married, placed the child with one of her aunts rather than aborting her pregnancy. After marriage she aborted a fetus, this was after she had given birth to several children, for her own personal reasons just as many women do. After researching the topic on abortion, I found other women who made the same choices: â€Å"Abortions will let me ‘undo’ my unplanned pregnancy; my baby might have problems; adoption is not an alternative to abortion; adoption will let me see my baby grow up; I can help a family who can’t have kids; adoption is an alternative to abortion†. Sometimes people are disgusted with abortions because they cut the baby up, vacuum him, or other gory methods, but there are other ways to abort, including the ‘morning-after pill,’ the partial-birth abortion, and the saline amniocentesis. A Preferred Women’s Health Center is allowing women information about their program and what they offer (Abortion Pill – the No Surgery Option) at four sites in GA and NC who states: â€Å"We also offer expedited care; we have expanded services to meet your needs; what to expect when you arrive; how does it work†. They also say that they offer services tailored to the patient not to their circumstances. Each patient will be given viable information, examined and counseled by professionals, and they are equipped with up to date equipment for their patients. Counselors are on staff to make sure the patient understand their rights, and what is expected of both the staff and patients. Before abortions was legalized, women ran into emergency rooms, with severe injuries such as perforations of the uterus, retained placentas, severe bleeding, cervical wounds, spreading infections, poisoning, shock, and gangrene. Women now have other means of having abortions rather than going to illegal houses, abandoned buildings, clinics who do not use sterilized equipment or have clean areas, all these patients need to do is some research to find clinics. Women lives are in danger when they contact these individuals (who perform illegal abortions in unclean rooms), clinics where these abortions are performed without qualified providers and unsafe conditions, no one will see them after the procedure to ensure that they are not having medical issues (life or death). Even if abortion became illegal, it would still occur, and this time illegally, causing that the 68,000 women that die each year from unsafe, non-medical abortions increases. Sometimes people believe that abortions are a ‘luxury’ for high social and economic classes, yet this is not true. Around 56 million abortions are performed each year in the world, with about 45% done unsafely. Abortion rates changed little between 2003 and 2008, before which they decreased for at least two decades as access to family planning and birth control increased. Since the early 1970s abortion prices have incredibly decreased and, depending upon the week in which you abort, the prices are even lower. Statistics show that 57% of the women who aborted in the year 2000 were women with a low-income. It is also ridiculous that people believe that this might be the annihilation of human life. But then aren’t fertilized eggs in vitro also human lives? These routinely were thrown away. Is this murder? If it is not, then how is abortion murder? Abortion is a safe process if it is done in a clinic, with correct treatment and utensils. If experts do not do it, it might result in terrible injuries and a probable loss of fertility or loss of life for the women. There has always been death associated with abortions legal and illegal. Women have been known to have fetuses to mortify in their bodies because of complications. If abortions were legalized in the entire world, the 68,000 women who die each year of illegal abortions would surely diminish to its half, or even less considering that 54 countries in the world prohibit abortions of any kind. If a female is raped; if a woman feel that she can’t care for a child; your life is in danger (life or death situation); your child may a medical problem, be it physical or mental, what would you do? Women have a choice, put yourself in their place, would you want to have a child from any of the situations stated? Then, as a parent ask yourself this question; do you want your child to have a baby by someone at an early age, especially from a family member (incest), physical or mental defect? Would you be willing to assist your child without blaming them for the birth of this child? If I was the parent I would not let my child go through this pain at an early age. I know that killing an innocent human being is wrong, even if that human being has yet to be born, but always remember you have a choice in life but make sure you make the right choice. I also know that by terminating a life, can we justify our acts? By tampering with a life, aren’t we acting against the creator of the world, and that Abortion can lead to serious health complications, and in some cases the worst-case scenario can be death. Who wants to see their child going through that much pain to carry a baby for nine months? At the end of the day, it’s their decision and not yours if they want to get rid of the baby they have a right to do so without hearing what people has to say about them. Another thing is the mother must go through the actual labor pain and other issues involved with parenting and juggling responsibilities. Others can’t precisely gauge or understand the level of trauma that a woman may be experiencing in her personal life. She is the only person who knows best, if she would be able to take care of the unplanned child or not. We all know that it’s merely impossible to raise a child without family support and finance in hand, the life of the baby depends upon the mother’s health. I will say this is it is up to that person to deiced what they want to do because if it was me I would agree to have one only if you are at an early age and you don’t know the first thing about being a parent. As previously stated, it is up to the woman to decide to abort the pregnancy, give birth to the child then place it up for adoption, the choice is theirs. For each of these women I pray that they think, consult, and really look at their options before making their final decision. The consequences can be costly – health, physical and emotional. References A Preferred Women’s Health Center. Retrieved from https://www.apwhc.com/our-services /abortion ¬Ã‚ ¬_pill/ Choose Adoption or Abortion – Facts and Stats. Retrieved from adoption-for-my-baby.comThe Pros and Cons of Abortion. Retrieved from https://www.everystudent.com/wires/ abortion.html How to cite Abortion, Papers Abortion Free Essays There are many different views on abortion therefore making it a very controversial subject to discuss. The two main views on abortion are the â€Å"pro-choice† view and the â€Å"pro-life† view as publicised in the article â€Å"Abortion: A Moderate View† written by L W. Sumner. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion or any similar topic only for you Order Now   These established views are either for or against abortion although they do not take into consideration the many different factors regarding abortion. The article helps define the similarity and differences in the established views and explain the many flaws both these views have in today’s society. Along with the established views Sumner describes the moderate view and its purpose in society. The established views on abortion are the two most commonly used views. The â€Å"pro-Choice† position is the liberal view on abortion which states that abortion is not immoral. This view claims that a fetus has no moral standing. Moral standing applies to anything that is not an item and has some established moral rights and cannot be wronged ( Sumner,1992). The liberal view compares abortion to contraception stating that they have the same justification therefore the choice of abortion is left to a women’s discretion. The opposing view would be the â€Å"pro-life† view. This conservative view believes that a fetus does have moral standing throughout all stages of pregnancy therefore making abortion morally wrong. The article continues to state that since a fetus does have moral standings, an abortion is as equally justified to infanticide and homicide, therefore women does not have the discretion to seek an abortion. Although these view have two very different concepts they have some similarities. Both established views leave out two important factors one may consider when choosing abortion. One factor both these views disregard is the timing of the abortion. The established views commit to the idea that the moral standing of the fetus is the same throughout the pregnancy. They do not take into consideration the growth and changes that occur during pregnancy. Another similarity these views share are the significant reason one may state in choosing abortion. Both views ignore the explanations for why a mother may choose an abortion. The conservative view believes there is not significant reason for choosing an abortion and the liberal view believes one does not need a significant reason for choosing an abortion. Both these views agree that when and why an abortion is performed is irrelevant because a fetus either has full moral standing or doesn’t . These established views have many flaws I n a Western democracy. A Moderate abortion takes into consideration the time and grounds, that determine the choice of an abortion. These are the two factors that the establish views do not acknowledge. The public agrees in the importance of the timing of the abortion and the grounds in which an abortion may take place. When considering the timing, most people tend not to be bothered by women who choose abortion at the very early stages of pregnancy although they have trouble agreeing with abortion in the later stages of pregnancy. The established views state that a fetus either has moral status or it doesn’t, which is a flaw according to Sumner. Another flaw in the established views is the ignorance in considering grounds of the situation. Sumner explains that the grounds for those who consider abortion has been divided into four categories; therapeutic (when the mothers health of life is in risk due to the pregnancy), eugenic (the fetus is in risk of deformity), humanitarian (pregnancy is forced upon due to rape or incest) and socioeconomic (poverty, desertion, family size etc.) (Sumner,1992). These are all important issues in a Western democracy. These are the factors that the public considers when deciding whether or not an abortion is acceptable. Since the established views do not acknowledge these at all, Sumner states that these are to be seen as flaws. A moderate view is a much more complex view that attempts to consider all factors when talking about abortion. It uses both the established views to create a positive outlook on abortion. The moderate view examines sentient, the ability to feel pain or pleasure in relation to the developmental stages during pregnancy. It states that a fetus acquires moral standing once it is able to feel pain or pleasure. This is said to be somewhere around the second trimester. After the threshold, abortion is equal to infanticide because both of these cases are preventing the existence of a being with moral standing. By stating a point in pregnancy when a fetus attaints moral status, one is simply putting a time limit when an abortion can be considered morally wrong. The liberal view of abortion is now appropriate for early (prethreshold) abortions. A moderate policy must also include the grounds for abortion. The humanitarian and socioeconomic grounds are situations that are evident in the beginning of the pregnancy, thus making an abortion okay in the prethreshold stages. The therapeutic and eugenic grounds are ones that can develop later in the pregnancy, therefore a moderate policy must consider these grounds for post-threshold abortions. This could state that the conservative view is appropriate for late (p ost-threshold) abortions. To conclude, a moderate view is one that sets an equal ground between the two established views. It’s a view that sets a line between early and late abortions with a permissive policy for both and takes into consideration both therapeutic and eugenic grounds. A utilitarian, one whose decisions are based on what outcome will create the greatest amount of good for the larger population and minimize pain and suffering would agree with the moderate view. When looking at the factor of time and moral status, the moderate view created a policy that would satisfy the greater good. Most people believe that getting an abortion before the second trimester, is just as equivalent to a contraception device since the fetus is still very tiny sing sell. During the growth process the fetus becomes a medium size, multi complex celled organism and the public views this as wrong (Sumner, 1992). Therefore most would agree that a fetus does not attain moral status until about the second trimester giving many people the ability to freely choose an abortion. Also, when looking at the therapeutic and eugenic grounds a utilitarian would agree that this minimizes the amount of pain and suffering which results in producing greater good. If a pregnant woman continues to provide for the fetus, then she is putting herself in serious risk. Although a fetus may have moral status at this point, a utilitarian would say that the mother’s life is more important. This is simply because the fetus has had no communication yet, no achievements, no relationships etc. whereas the mother has achieved more, and by taking away her life this will inflict much pain on the infant and others who are important to her. Also, when looking at eugenic grounds, a utilitarian would agree that this abortion is justifiable because one must look at the trouble and pain the infant will have to experience throughout its life along with the terrible burden of the mother who has to come to terms with a child that she knows is deformed. The established view and the moderate view are not the only views on abortion. In the article â€Å"Why Abortion is Immoral† by Donald Marquis we are exposed to other aspects and views on abortion. In fact, Marquis view on abortion differs significantly from Sumner’s moderate view. Marquis believes that killing a fetus deprives one of a deserving future therefore making it a moral crime. Unlike Sumner who takes into accoun t the moral status of the fetus, Marquis focuses more on the feature of the fetus that will be taken away therefore making it wrong. The article explains two main points, the desire view and the discontinuation view. The desire view, explains that it’s wrong to kill because we all have the desire to live. The second view, discontinuation, explains that by taking away the life of a fetus one is discontinuing good experiences ( Marquis, 1999). Sumner would argue by stating that in the early stages of pregnancy a fetus does not have the ability to feel, therefore these theories do not apply. Marquis would continue by explaining that it’s not what the fetus can feel in the womb it’s the future experiences and future desire to live that abortion is taking away from it which makes it immoral. Another view that differs from that of Sumner and Marquis is that of Mary Anne Warren as discussed in the article â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion†. Warrens focus is on what gives a human the title of a person. In the article she explains there are five characteristic that define a person as a person. Warren would argue Sumner by explaining that these characteristics do not apply to a fetus therefor abortion is not immoral. Sumner would agree with some of Warren’s characteristics, as stated that there is a time during abortion where a fetus attains morals standings, therefore stating a fetus is giving the title of a person. Sumner could argue that these aren’t the only characteristics when choosing abortion and the one must also consider the grounds. Out of the all the views discussed, Sumner’s moderate view on abortion is more plausible view in today’s society. There are many factors that one has to consider when choosing abortion and the moderate view is one that can easily be accepted by the majority. Abortion has unfortunately become a more commonly known procedure in today’s society. The act of sex is an average activity in society today compared to how it was viewed 100 years ago. There are a larger number of young adults who engage in sexual activity, which has been a result to the significant increasing rates in teen pregnancy. This is an example of when the socioeconomic ground can be taken into consideration. Also with our technology advancements we are able to diagnose a child with a disability during the pregnancy. This may be a reason why a mother may choose an abortion, for she does not what to watch a child suffer in society today. There are many changes in today’s culture, which affect ones decision in having children and the moderate view is definitely one that most would agree with. Reference Warren, Mary Anne, â€Å" On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion† in Morailty and Practice, 3rd ed., edited by James Sterba,pp.150-160. 1991 Wadsworth Sumner, L.W â€Å" Abortion A Moderate View† in Social Ethics; Morality and Social Policy, 4th ed., edited by Thomas A. Mappes and Jane S. Zembaty, pp33-39. 1992 McGraw-Hill, inc.. Marquis, Donald. â€Å" Why Abortion is Immoral† in Ethical Theory and Moral Problems, edited by Howard J. Cruger, pp 461-473. 1999 Wadsworth Related links: http://essaylab.com/blog/abortion-essay http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/83589.html http://www.writemypapers.org/examples-and-samples/essay-on-abortion.html http://essayglobe.net/abortion-essay/ How to cite Abortion, Papers

Population Policy and Enforcement free essay sample

A look at the effects that Chinas population policy and its enforcement have on women in the Chinese family. This paper presents a study of the effects of Chinas controversial Strategic Demographic Initiative on women, both in the short term and the long term. Particular attention is paid to the one-child policy and to urban Chinese women. Prospects for development are considered as well. The argument over the existence of overpopulation has been spreading since Thomas Malthus lifted quill from paper after finishing Essay on the Principle of Population. Over the last fifty years, international population analysis has been highly concentrated on the South, where extreme poverty creates concern over population size. Chinas aggressive population control measures have made it the darling of neo-Malthusian theorists and the enemy of several human rights proponents, including feminist organizations. Accounts of coercive measures employed to attain population quotas, as well as surveys and interviews, make it evident that Chinese policy in particular the one-child requirement has not yet gained widespread acceptance by women. We will write a custom essay sample on Population Policy and Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The impact of the policy has been both positive and negative for Chinese women but, while it provides effective conditions for socialist development, it requires a greater process of democratization in order to reflect the needs of women in the family.

Jaundice Disease Essay Example

Jaundice Disease Essay The word jaundice is derived from a French word called as jaune, which means yellow. It is a very common condition which is seen in newborn babies which can be treated by exposing them to sunlight. It is also known as yellow skin or eyes disease. It turns your skin, mucous membranes, sclera (the white of your eyes) into a single yellow color. This yellow pigment which is seen on your skin is due to bilirubin which is a byproduct of old red blood cells. If you are affected by jaundice consider it to be a serious problem which cannot to be taken lightly. Nearly 1% red blood cells retire everyday and those are replaced by fresh blood cells. These old blood cells are processed in the liver and later disposed. If there happens to be too many old red blood cells the yellow pigment builds up in the body, which results in the first stages of jaundice. Even though jaundice is not a disease but it is a sign for many other diseases. Jaundice is very common among babies due to the immature functioning of the liver. It is not equipped to deal with the removal of bilirubin from the bloodstream. Jaundice occurs mainly due to liver failure but there are many other reasons by which it is affected. Bilirubin is a natural product arising from the normal breakdown of red blood cells in the body and is excreted in the bile, through the actions of the liver. Jaundice is most often the result of a disorder affecting the liver it can be caused by a variety of other conditions affecting for example the blood or spleen. It should be thoroughly investigated so that the underlying cause can be identified and treated. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaundice Disease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jaundice Disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jaundice Disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The red blood cells in our circulation carry oxygen to all parts of the body and have a life span of about 120 days. At the end of their life they are broken down and removed from the circulation by special cells called phagocytes, which are found within the bone marrow, spleen and liver. New red cells are of course continually manufactured and this also takes place within the bone marrow. Following breakdown of the red cells some of their component parts such as amino acids and iron can be re-used by the body. Other components such as bilirubin need to be removed. Knowing how this removal pathway works is the key to understanding how jaundice occurs. Most waste products of the body are excreted in the urine via the kidneys but the liver and bile system is the other main physical route out of the body for these substances. By waste products we mean the many compounds that arise in the course of the bodys metabolism but almost all forms of drugs must also be eliminated either via the urine or bile routes. In the case of bilirubin released from old red cells, it passes through the bloodstream to the liver, where the liver cells process it. These cells carry out many complex chemical functions and also produce the liquid bile, which is the vehicle by which the cells discharge their output to the bile duct system. This is a branching network of tiny tubes throughout the liver, which merge in the same way as the branches of a tree. Ultimately a single main bile duct comes out of the liver and joins the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Bile (and therefore bilirubin) then passes out through the small and large intestines and is excreted in the stool (feces). Bile is green in colour, but bacteria in the large bowel act to change the bilirubin to substances that are brown, which gives stool its characteristic colour. Some of the bilirubin is reabsorbed back into the body through the bowel wall, eventually appearing in the urine as a substance called urobilinogen (although the typical yellow/orange colour of urine is in fact due a different pigment called urochrome). Therefore, any failure of the bilirubin removal pathway will lead to a build-up of bilirubin in the blood. When this happens the individuals skin turns yellow, causing jaundice. There are many conditions that could be associated with jaundice, such as: An excessive breakdown of red blood cells The balance between manufacture and breakdown of red cells is normally precisely balanced and equal but there are several conditions in which the rate of breakdown increases. If the amount of bilirubin thus released exceeds the livers capacity to remove it, then jaundice will develop. The medical term for excessive red cell breakdown is haemolysis, and within the developed world it is a fairly rare condition. Malaria is however a major cause in tropical climates as the malaria parasites live within the red cells and shorten their life. Similarly the condition in which a foetus develops haemolysis due to incompatibility of its Rhesus blood group with that of its mother is now rarely seen in the UK where we routinely check for Rhesus antibodies in the mothers blood. In parts of the world where antenatal care is not as good haemolytic disease of the newborn is much more common. A temporary jaundice of newborn babies is however quite common, due to the relative immaturity of the babys liver cells and the higher than normal rate of cell breakdown that occurs in the first few weeks of life. It improves rapidly without treatment although when too high it can be speeded up by exposing the baby to ultraviolet light. Jaundice of the newborn is commoner in premature babies as their liver is even more immature than a baby born at term. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is a rare disease in which the bodys immune system seems to attack the red cells. It usually affects adults. Haemolysis can also be a side effect of some drugs, eg dapsone. Impairment of liver cell function The commonest cause is a viral infection of the liver cells (hepatitis). Many different types of infection including glandular fever (mononucleosis) can also be responsible for this. Alcohol abuse and subsequent scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) can cause significant cell damage leading to jaundice. Other less common conditions causing liver cell damage include haemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and primary biliary cirrhosis. Tumours of the liver either primary liver cancers (arising from the liver tissue itself) or more commonly, the secondary spread of a tumour from elsewhere in the body into the liver can lead to cell failure and jaundice. Blockage of the bile ducts This can occur as a result of abnormality inside or outside the ducts. The commonest example of an internal blockage is a gallstone. Tumours of the bile duct are rare but if large enough, or situated just where the bile duct meets the duodenum, then they can block the flow of bile. At this junction point, known as the ampulla of Vater, the tube from the pancreas gland also joins to the duodenum. Cancer of the pancreas tends to arise in the part of the pancreas nearest to the ampulla of Vater, so is another potential cause of obstructive jaundice. Any external organ or mass lying nearby that becomes large enough to press on the bile duct could be responsible. Examples include swollen internal lymph glands, a cyst (perhaps of the pancreas) or scar tissue following a previous infection or surgery. Symptoms of Jaundice, other than that of the jaundice itself, will relate to the underlying cause. For example someone with haemolysis might also be anaemic and tired. If a gallstone were responsible there would probably have been a preceding history of pain in the abdomen. A cancer might be accompanied by weight loss, and so on. When jaundice is due to obstruction of the bile duct the person will often notice that their urine becomes dark and stools become pale, as the excess bilirubin spills over into the urine and no longer colours the stool. Obstructive jaundice is also often accompanied by intense itching. The diagnosis is made by recognition of the patients appearance and accompanying symptoms. A blood test will confirm the raised bilirubin level and other tests such as those for hepatitis and haemolysis are also done on the blood. Ultrasound is a good way to inspect the liver and bile ducts for signs of obstruction, and often can give useful information on the pancreas gland. CT scanning also helps diagnose obstructive jaundice accurately. Treatment will depend upon the diagnosis behind the symptom of jaundice. For example, if the problem is one of gallstones, then removal of the gallbladder may be required. Jaundice comes in several other types, I will elaborate briefly about some of those types as follows: Neonatal jaundice is usually harmless: this condition is often seen in infants around the second day after birth, lasting until day 8 in normal births, or to around day 14 in premature births. Serum bilirubin normally drops to a low level without any intervention required: the jaundice is presumably a consequence of metabolic and physiological adjustments after birth. In extreme cases, a brain-damaging condition known as kernicterus can occur; there are concerns that this condition has been rising in recent years due to inadequate detection and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatal jaundice is a risk factor for hearing loss. Jaundiced eye, It was once believed persons suffering from the medical condition jaundice saw everything as yellow. By extension, the jaundiced eye came to mean a prejudiced view, usually rather negative or critical. Alexander Pope, in An Essay on Criticism (1711), wrote: All seems infected that the infected spy, As all looks yellow to the jaundiced eye. Similarly in the mid 19th century the English poet Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote in the poem Locksley Hall: So I triumphed ere my passion sweeping thro me left me dry, left me with the palsied heart, and left me with a jaundiced eye. In conclusion, if you or one of your friends or relatives suspect that you may have jaundice, it is essential that you arrange to see your doctor in order that the underlying cause is identified and any possible treatment initiated as soon as possible.

Using the Spanish Verb Quedar

Using the Spanish Verb Quedar Although quedar usually has the dictionary meaning of to stay or to remain, its usage is more flexible than that simple translation might suggest. Even more so than with most verbs, the translation of quedar depends on the context. Quedar frequently suggests that something is a certain way or in a certain position because of some action. Often it can be translated as a form of to be, especially when it could be replaced by to lie as in the first three examples below. Examples of Quedar in use La recesià ³n ha quedado atrs. (The recession is behind us.)El pueblo ms cerca, Loppiano, queda a 5 km, 10 minutos en coche. (The closest town, Loppiano, is five kilometers away, 10 minutes by car.)Se pudo observar que miles de peces quedaron muertos en las orillas, como consecuencia de los contaminantes. (It was observed that thousands of fishes were dead on the shore as a result of the pollution.)En ese momento quedà ³ roto el dilogo. (At that moment, the dialog came to a halt.)Ahora muchos de ellos se han quedado sin trabajo. (Now many of them have become unemployed.)Cuando terminas con una relacià ³n con tu pareja,  ¿quedan como amigos o no se hablan ms? (When you break up with your partner, do you become just friends or do you not talk with each other any more?)No contestarà © las preguntas que me hagan quedar mal. (I wont answer questions that make me look bad.)Es lo à ºnico que me queda por saber. (Its the only thing remaining for me to know.)Despuà ©s del programa me quedà © hablando con el productor. (After the program I kept on talking with the producer.) Brasil e Italia se quedaron con el 2-0. (Brazil and Italy ended up with a 2-0 score.)

Definition and Examples of Interrogative Pronouns

Definition and Examples of Interrogative Pronouns In traditional English grammar, the term interrogative pronoun refers to a pronoun that introduces a question. These words are also called a pronominal interrogative. Related terms include interrogative,  wh-word, and  question word, although these terms are usually not defined in precisely the same way. In English,  who, whom, whose, which, and what commonly function as interrogative pronouns. When immediately followed by a noun, whose, which, and what function as determiners  or interrogative adjectives. When they start a question, interrogative pronouns  have no antecedent, because  what they refer to is precisely what the question is trying to find out. Examples Interrogative pronouns are all around us, whether you knew the name of them or not as you speak and read. Here are a a few examples from literature and other sources: Even if you do learn to speak correct English, whom are you going to speak it to?(attributed to Clarence Darrow)When a man tells you that he got rich through hard work, ask him: Whose?(Don Marquis)â€Å"I have water and Diet Coke. That was the only soft drink I allowed Howie to have. Which do you prefer?(Stephen King, Under the Dome. Scribner, 2009)What did you see down there in the kitchen? Caddy whispered. What tried to get in?(William Faulkner, That Evening Sun Go Down. The American Mercury, 1931)I got a belt on thats holding up my pants, and the pants have belt loops that hold up the belt. What is going on here? Who is the real hero?(Comedian Mitch Hedberg) Semantic Contrasts: What Versus Which Whether you use what or which in a question depends on the context of the question, whether there are specific items to choose from (which), or whether the question is completely open-ended (what). Of course, casual conversation brings exceptions. These pronouns express two semantic contrasts: (1) a gender contrast of personal (the  who  series) and nonpersonal (what, which):Who is in the woodshed? What is in the woodshed?(2) a contrast of definiteness: indefinite  what  contrasts with definite  which- the latter always implying a choice made from a limited number of alternatives:What was the winning number? [you must recall what it was]Which was the winning number? [you have a list of choices] Note also the use of what to ask about a role or status:What is her father? [a politician]Which is her father? [in the photograph](David Crystal, Making Sense of Grammar. Longman, 2004)What is used when specific information is requested from a general or open-ended possible range. Which is used when specific information is requested from a restricted range of possibilities: A. Ive got your address. Whats your phone number?B. Oh its 267358.(an open-ended range of possible information)[looking at a pile of coats]A. Which is your coat?B. That black one. However, where the number of options is shared knowledge among speakers and listeners, what noun is often used in informal contexts. Here, what is an interrogative pronoun used as a determiner: [talking about a shop]What side of the street is it on, left or right?(or: Which side of the street is it on?)A: Did you see that documentary about the SARS virus last night?B; No, what channel was it on?(or: Which channel was it on?) (R. Carter and M. McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English: A Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2006)

Hrm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hrm - Essay Example The human resource policies help the organizations in demonstrating both externally and internally whether they are meeting the requirements for ethics, training and diversity as well as the commitments associated with the regulations or the corporate governance (Weick, 1995). The objectives of the project is To understand the importance of domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. To evaluate the similarities between domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. To evaluate the dissimilarities between the domestic human resource policies and multinational human resource policies. Definitions National human resource policy frameworks encourage and support the human resource development procedure within the domestic organizations. It enhances the role of the human resource development for increasing the knowledge and skills of the employees thereby developing higher workplace capabilities (Boddy, 2008). It provides framew ork for the complex functioning within the organizations. The policies help in the development of human resource materials for ensuring consistency and high quality performance. These policies are also effective in supporting and creating the required organizational culture. The human resource policies adapted by the multinational companies for expanding the international sales are known as multinational human resource policies (Rao, 2007). The growth of these organizations along with their expansion in the emerging markets includes immense pressure. It is very important for these organizations to recognize their human resources as they are equally important as the financial assets for maintaining sustainable competitive advantage. Most of the multinational companies do not have effective leadership capital that is required to perform with efficacy in the markets across the world. One reason behind it is the lack of the managerial mobility. It is here that the multinational companie s require human resource policies for solving various issues. The human resource policies help in ensuring that the careers of the employees are developed in terms of both employability and profitability. The multinational companies previously lacked the confidence in the functioning of the human resource department in screening, reviewing and developing the employees for the important designations within the organization. The human resource policies have set a systematic framework for the improved functioning of the organizations in all these aspects. The multinational companies have to adjust with the different cultures in various parts of the world. Maintenance of the policies mentioned in this systematic framework would help in the adaptation of different cultures and coordination with different people belonging to different cultures in various parts of the world. Similarities The human resource policies in domestic as well as multinational organizations have many similarities i n their framework as well as functioning. Based upon the goals, objectives and business strategies of these organizations, the human resource policies are framed for ensuring that the human resource has the talent of meeting the performances and objectives of the organizations. The successful companies, both domestic and multinational, hire their employees very selectively by sourcing the candidates from a wide pool of applicants and

Inventory management ratio analysis of Ford and GM Essay

Inventory management ratio analysis of Ford and GM - Essay Example The inventory turnover ratio determines the management’s efficiency in converting the available inventory into sales. A low inventory turnover is a bad sign to a company’s performance since it indicates that the company’s products risk deteriorating. The company’s product will diminish in value due to overstaying in the stores. Due to this phenomenon, companies dealing with perishable goods usually have very high inventory turnover (Bull, 78). The average days to sell inventory is a financial measure that gives the willing investors an idea of the duration it takes for converting the available inventory into revenue. Therefore, a company’s performance ratio determines management efficiency in converting the stock into sales. In most scenarios a low average days to sell ratio is desirable. This ratio varies between industries. The average days to sell ratio is calculated as the total cost of inventory divided by cost of sales and the result got from the computation multiplied by 365 days. An average day to sell ratio forms one part of the cash conversion cycle. It represents the conversion raw material into cash. The day’s sales outstanding and the day’s payable outstanding are the other two stages in the cash conversion cycle. By determining how long a company holds on inventory before selling measures the company’s efficiency ratio. The ratio gives the average time it takes for a company’s cash to be tied up. The inventory turnover ratio of Ford is 15.9 times while that of GM is 10.0 times.

Psychology References Essay Example for Free

Psychology References Essay Select something you either strongly like or dislike (e.g., reading, competitive sports, flying, snakes, etc.). Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: 1. Briefly describe your like or dislike (one to two (1-2) sentences). 2. Describe the subfield (e.g., cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, psychoanalytic psychology, etc.) you believe is best suited for providing psychological insight into your preference (the fact that you like or dislike the thing you do) and why you believe it is so. 3. Discuss how biological bases of behavior (including sensation and perception) have contributed to your preference. 4. Analyze how engaging in or reacting to your preference (e.g., playing competitive sports or encountering a snake) affects your state of consciousness during that engagement. 5. Discuss the role that learning has had on the fact that you like or dislike the thing you described. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: †¢ Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. †¢ Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: †¢ Distinguish between the major schools of thought in psychology. †¢ Discuss the biological factors that influence behavior. †¢ Describe the major theories of learning, memory, cognition, consciousness, development, and social psychology. †¢ Use technology and information resources to research issues in psychology. †¢ Write clearly and concisely about psychology using proper writing mechanics. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

Scarlet Letter Charactor Analysis :: essays research papers

Hester Prynne was a beautiful, young, tall woman with shiny dark hair, piercing black eyes, and a beautiful complexion. She was living in Amsterdam with her husband, Roger Chillingworth, until he sent her to America alone while he cleared up business matters. In America, Hester had a love affair with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and realized she was pregnant with his baby. Nobody realized who the father was, so the Reverend couldn’t be punished. However, Hester was forced to wear a large scarlet A(representing Adultery) on her dress. It was a well-known symbol, so everybody knew she had committed adultery and were astonished. This was because adultery was a sin explained in the Seventh Commandment. Hester felt ashamed. After she completed community service, she truly learned her lesson and her citizens accepted her once again. She was also permitted back into Boston after her daughter married and the father of the baby died. She then became a reverend figure whom people confide d in and received sympathy from. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale was young, very pale, and his body was fragile. He had large, caring eyes and a sweet, youthful personality women adored. He was shy and mainly kept to himself. Reverend Dimmesdale was deeply loved by his congregation because of his emotional way of speaking. Being a well-educated, trustworthy, highly admired pastor, no one suspected him to be the father of Hester’s baby. Finally, his conscience fell into play and he admitted to his sin. Immediately after confessing, he passed away. Roger Chillingworth was Hester’s husband. He was small and thin with dim eyes, a wrinkled face, and deformed shoulders(one was higher than the other). To me, he made an awkward couple with Hester, considering she was considered gorgeous. After he cleared his business matters in Amsterdam, he attempted to join his wife, Hester Prynne, in America. However, he was captured by Indians. By the time he reached his wife, 2 years since he last saw her, she was already up on the scaffold. He visited her in prison and pleaded for her not to reveal the fact he was her husband. He’d be ashamed to marry a disgrace people looked down on. However, he too should have been ashamed. He also committed sins. The first was marrying Hester. Although she had no desire to become hitched to him, he ignored that fact. The love was unrequited. The other sin was when he judged Reverend Dimmesdale and spent hours scheming up plots to make him lose his sanity, while he pretended to be his loyal frie nd.

Lorna Dee Cervantes: Beneath the Shadow of the Freeway Essay

The form of the poem is not easy to determine. It consists of six stanzas of uneven length, which are, except for the first and fifth, again divided into sub-stanzas. The meter is irregular as well as the length of the verses and there is also no rhyme scheme. Cervantes plays very freely with the structure of poems. She does not use an established type of poem and ignores rhyme and meter, but she presents her words graphically in the form of stanzas, in separate but related sections. The six main parts are numbered. It can be assumed that the arrangement of the verses was done consciously and that it aims at a certain reception on the side of the reader. Each time a stanza or sub-stanza starts, a kind of pause emerges. This also allows the poem to have spatial and temporal leaps without transitions, but it also increases the difficulties concerning the understanding of the text. In addition to that, many things are only vaguely hinted or ambiguously presented. The inherent continuity of the poem is achieved by its themes and by its imagery. The first section deals with â€Å"the shadow of the freeway†, the image that is also in the title of the poem. It becomes obvious that the speaker lives next to a freeway; she can watch it right across the street from her porch. Every day she notices that the shadow of the freeway lengthens. This is interesting, because freeways usually do not cast shadows, they are flat. This seems to suggest that the freeway is actually a metaphor, so the speaker lives next to either a real or a metaphorical freeway. The family is introduced in the second part. It is an all-female family, consisting of three generations: grandmother, mother, and daughter. Grandmother is a â€Å"Queen†, mother is â€Å"Swift Knight, Fearless Warrior†, who wants to be a â€Å"Princess† instead. The speaker herself is conflicted by her role in the family. Because she cannot decide, she becomes a â€Å"Scribe†: a translator, someone who does â€Å"light man work†. These fairytale images contrast sharply with that of the freeway. They are a magic, mystic family that live next to a cold, plain freeway. In the third stanza the tense of the poem changes from past tense to present tense. Nature imagery is shown; it tells about seagulls and birds. Nature is again a contrast to the freeway. The last two lines of this part: Grandma â€Å"trusts only what she builds / with her own hands†, can be read as a hint that the freeway, not being built by oneself, is not to be trusted. This passage also contains accusations against men. The male mockingbirds are, in contrast to men, singing for their wives and â€Å"They don’t leave their families / borrachando†. This is said by grandma and it is very likely that she is speaking out of her own experience. In the poem the woman-family, left by their men, shows the difference between the imperfect human world and the idealized idea of nature: the mockingbirds’ family-structure is still intact. Men are to be made responsible for the destruction of the human family unit. This is made explicit in the next stanza. Grandma’s husband is described as â€Å"a man who tried to kill her†. Now if he indeed attempted to murder his wife or if he tried to kill her physically, would not make too much of a difference. It is shown that men are violent and the destroyers of the family. The tense is again past tense. The men of these women belong to the past; they are history. Grandma became a strong and self-reliant woman after being together with her husband. The family is shown as being happy by not having men, who could endanger their content lives. But the harmony of the female family is threatened. In the following stanza the speaker describes a man, entering the house during night, violent, drunk and spreading fear. It is not clear who he is; probable the man of the mother, but it could also be the grandmother’s husband. Most of this part is written in dialogic form, but it is uncertain who is speaking or who is addressed. It is also ambiguous what time this section refers to. Past tense is used, but conjunctive in the first line â€Å"in the night I would hear it† indicates that something similar happened (or happens?) more than once. The last section is finally harmonious and presents a positive outlook, also concerning men. Written in the present tense it tells about the present and the season is summer. It starts with a dialogue between one of the women and  her daughter. It is probable the mother talking to the speaker. She gives her pieces of advise, which are mainly warnings of men. She has had her experiences and does not have any illusions, but the daughter is more idealistic and trusts in a sort of natural law: â€Å"If you are good to them / they will be good to you back†. And it seems as if the speaker got confirmed in her opinion, because she is sleeping â€Å"with a gentle man / to the hymn of the mockingbirds†. This final stanza then also tells about the future. The things the daughter plans to do refer back to the grandmother. The three generations are thus linked together in cyclic harmony. A relationship with man can be achieved, if independence is preserved and confidence is only placed in oneself. The bond of the family, the unity between mother and daughter will always be stronger than any relationship between man and women. The mockingbird, which lives the ideal of a natural family including the male, is definitely a positive image and also a contrast to the freeway. The bird accompanies the grandmother’s patchwork and the speaker’s sleeping with her gentle man. The freeway is mentioned again in the last stanza, but this time without any negative connotations. It is just said that it is â€Å"across the street†. This is just a neutral statement, the freeway does not cast any shadows anymore. The natural, the mockingbird, and the unnatural, the freeway, have come to terms with each other. One could also argue that the mockingbird stands for the loving and caring female concept, involving instinct and nature, whereas the freeway expresses the male notion, being unnatural and without feeling and thinking, a â€Å"blind worm†. Just as nature and environment have to struggle with human progress, women have to struggle with men. A lot in this poems stays ambiguous and vague. Very often the voices of the three women are not to be identified; their identities merge and this increases the notion of continuity and connection among three generations of women, in which men will always be outsiders, even if they are â€Å"gentle†.

How does your chosen text attract its audience ? Essay

Soap operas attract its audiences in many different ways and use a lot of tactics to keep their viewing going up. Audiences are so important to media because without them, there would be no media. So this is why many different types of media use specialist ways to keep their audiences engaged to help media progress. One of the soaps that has being focused on is Eastenders. Eastenders Is a soap that is shown four times a week on bbc1. It is based in London’s east end. It included a wide range of characters and storylines. One of the soaps intentions is to deal with controversial social issues and Eastenders likes to see itself and as pursuing ‘documentary realism’. It does not have a naturalistic mode and can shift from melodramatic or to sitcom. Eastenders uses a lot of realism within its story lines so that the audience can relate back to the story lines. But it is misleading to see Eastenders as ‘representing real life’ as it does include unrealistic things i. e. characters coming back to life from death. This piece will look at the different way Eastenders attracts it audience on a regular basis. Eastenders doesn’t have just one target audience it has a mass audience which means any gender, race , age, religion and class can watch it as it has many diverse characters with in the soap and different types of target story lines. These story lines can be seen as some audiences maybe relate to the story line and others can be educated by them. Audiences can identify with Eastenders characters in a self image as they include many different image groups such as Goths, suited characters, casual etc†¦ It also includes different ages and storylines to go along with these ages groups like starting school, going to university, retiring so audience that match these storylines can relate to this. Different classes are also used as characters, from grade A (upper class) to grade E ( lowest class) as within the soap its has doctors, lawyers etc†¦ and among that it has unemployed people, students. So it isn’t specifically for one class grade. Families are used as well as usually in soap operas they have 3 or 4 families and in Eastenders most of the characters are part of a family and the family live on the square. Families are a good way to attract as they seem relatively real life as the storylines include arguments, death, wills, new born’s, divorce etc.. and can relate to these storylines and/or help them come to terms with there own family issues. Different classes are also used as characters, from grade A (upper classes) to grade E ( lowest class) as with in the soap its has doctors, lawyers etc†¦ And among that it has unemployed people, students. So it isn’t specifically for one class grade. Many cultures and nationalist are included within the characters so it isn’t just aimed at one certain group of people. The codes and conventions of Eastenders is very important and it keeps the audiences hocked. It is a serialised drama that is on four times a week and runs week-in, week-out, all year round. It features continuous narratives dealing with domestic themes and personal or family relationships and will have Three, four or even five storylines and they will progress during any one episode, with the action switching between them. As one narrative is resolved, another completely different one with different characters will already be underway.. Eastenders also has a well-known theme tune and intro sequence which rarely changes throughout the history of the soap which over the years audiences become more familiar with ( it has been rumoured that pets are even familiar with it! ). There is a limit to the number of characters available at any one time on screen but this allows the soap to focus on a smaller number of characters which then allows more time to be spent on each character, so that the audience knows them better and the storylines can be more detailed and involved, as well as being more numerous over time. The plots are open-ended and usually has a multiplicity of which interlinked in an episode ( metanarrative). The storylines in these cases run parallel. But episode will undoubtedly end with a ‘cliff-hanger’, which is a tense and suspenseful, un concluded piece of dialogue or action when But with the ending, it will come to some kind of conclusion as well as a cliff-hanger such as ‘ Billy’s dead’ which concludes that the character is dead but still raises up questions of’ why, when, where etc.. ’. The location of Eastenders is set around a small, central area ‘Trafalgar square’. And somehow the characters are all connected through either, relationships, arguments or history such as Phill Mitchell used to bully Ian Beal as school over 20 years ago and now you still see his subliminal control over Ian. Eastenders often have special episodes for events in the real world such as Christmas or the Millennium and even just an round up to a storyline such as ‘ who killed Archie (( an hour long special)). Such episodes are often referred to as ‘soap bubbles’. Eastenders and largely British soaps most often feature common, ordinary, working class characters, in contrast to American soaps, which tend to deal with richer, flashier, more fantasy-inspired characters, reflecting the preferences of their respective target audiences. As Eastenders has such a broad range of characters, it has a broad range of representations.

Direct-Representative Democrac essays

Direct-Representative Democrac essays a) Define and discuss direct democracy and representative democracy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Critically analyze the benefits as well as the problems in light of contemporary American experience, including the California initiative process. Lets start by defining the word democracy- is a term used to describe a political system in which the people are said to rule, directly or indirectly. The government is said to be democratic if it serves the true interests of the people, whether or not those people directly affect the making of those decisions. Democracy is also looked upon as the rule of the many. Having citizens participate directly in either holding office or making policy, which is also often known as direct or participatory democracy. It is also defined as decision making by the voters themselves rather than through representatives. An example of this type of democracy would be a town meeting, in which citizens vote on major issues. Representative democracy is another political system in which leaders and representatives acquire political power by means of a competitive struggle for the peoples vote. This form of governing is used by nations that are called democratic. This type of political system has a small number of elected city councilors to make the decisions in a town meeting, unlike direct democracy, in which hundreds of representatives are involved in making the decisions. It is obvious that when different sets of hands can control political power, depending on what kinds of people become leaders, how the struggle of votes is carried on, how much freedom to act is given to those who won the struggle, and what other sorts of influence (besides the desire for popular approval) affect the leaders actions. Representative democracy is referred by some as the elitist theory of democracy. It might be seen as impractical, time c...

Brl Hardy

How do you account for BRL Hardy’s remarkable post-merger success? Prior to the BRL and Hardy merger both companies were rivals with diverse views of the wine industry. Due to the varying views both companies had different organizational structures and approaches. Hardy was a family owned business focused on producing great wine. In 1853 Thomas Hardy acquired land near, Adelaide which is in South Australia. Thomas used the land to plant vines, by 1857 he produced his first vintage, and two hogsheads were exported to England.By 1882 hardy won his first international gold medal at Bordeaux. At the time of Thomas’ death in 1912, Hardy was the largest winemaker in Australia. Hardy became known for award-winning, quality wines, and the company focused on global external brand awareness. BRL on the other hand focused on commercial exporting, the cooperative was referred to as â€Å"the oil refinery of the wine industry†, and the company was more concerned with quantity rather than quality. BRL specialized in fortified, bulk, and value wines and it was the second largest crush in Australia.Both BRL and Hardy were respected in the wine market, unfortunately both companies were suffering financial losses and the merger of both companies was the best alternative. According to an ex-BRL manager, â€Å"we had access to fruit, funds, and disciplines management; Hardy brought marketing expertise, brands and winemaking know-how†. The above mentioned characteristics added to the success of the BRL Hardy merger. The newly formed company focused on client retention, branding and cost savings.Steve Miller, CEO of the newly merged company focused on his first task, the financial situation. Since both companies performed poorly the previous year, Miller wanted to protect its share of the bulk cask business and concentrate on branded bottle sales growth. Another aspect that added to the success of the merger was Miller’s awareness of the differences in culture and management style. Miller’s objective was to create a decentralized approach while keeping management accountable. With the delegation of small tasks, Miller wanted to create a â€Å"have a go† mentality.The objective was to have the company try 20 things and getting 80% right instead of doing two big things that needed to be 100% right. Determined to â€Å"earn his stripes† David Woods was able to integrate the two sales teams which resulted in impressive results. Both domestic bottle market share and profitability increased significantly in the first two years of BRLH’s operation. What is the source of the tension between Stephen Davies and Christopher Carson? How effectively has Steve Millar handled their differences?There are a few sources that contributed to the tension between Davies and Carson; there were conflicts in leadership, po wer struggles, and organizational dysfunctions. The BRL dominated headquarters management supported delegation, but only for those that â€Å"earned their stripes†, even though Carson had a good track record, his past performance he was treated as a new comer by the new management structure. Within the Hardy built European company there were questions about whether their bulk-wine-oriented BRL colleagues understood international marketing.Due to the differences in views there was a feeling of â€Å"Us vs. Them† (UK Subsidiary vs. Headquarters). Carson did not think Davies and the Headquarters were credible and legitimate when it came to marketing. The largest dispute came from marketing strategies, specifically branding and labeling issues. Carson felt that the image of the Hardy brands eroded in the United Kingdom and they needed to be relabeled, repositioned and re-launched. There was difficulty convincing the home office of his strategy, since Australia controlled all aspects of the brand Carson felt like he was on a tight leash.Initially Millar handled the tension between Carson and Davies effectively, Millar acknowledged the expertise and potential the two managers brought to the company; his intention was to get them to collaborate. Unfortunately I think Millar made some errors in how he handled the delicate situation. There was no clear reporting structure, Davies reported directly to Millar, on the other hand Carson reported to Millar regarding the U. K. Company’s profit performance, and reported to Davies for marketing and branding strategies. In essence, Carson had direct access to Davies boss.Millar’s approach was flawed because he did not want to be pulled into resolving disputes, but hoped for negotiation. Hoping for negotiation is not a solution, it’s like putting a Band-Aid on a bullet wound, Millar was focused on growth and he did not encourage Carson and Davies to work things out. Should Millar approve Carson’s proposal to launch â€Å"D’Istinto†? Why or why not? Carson wanted to launch a new wine D’istinto because he felt it would have a unique image built around Mediterranean lifestyle; passionate, warm, romantic and relaxed.Carson wanted to target everyday wine consumers that enjoyed wine, but were not knowledgeable about it; he also knew that women represented 60% of the supermarket wine buyers. With D’istinto buyers would be encouraged to write to receive free recipes. Carson wanted to create a database of wine and food loving consumers that would receive futur e promotions through the mail. The D’istinto line would help build BRLH Europe in size, impact and reputation. In addition to the positive impact on BRLH’s financials, D’istinto would help Carson become more influential.Millar was not convinced that launching D’istinto was a good move for BRLH, there was too much risk involved with competing on the same market with Stamps and Nottage Hill. I think Millar should allow Carson to launch D’istinto since Stamps and Nottage Hill were not doing well in the markets. A new sophisticated Italian wine would be the key in elevating the BRLH brand. What recommendation would you make to the organization concerning the conflicting proposals for â€Å"Kelly’s Revenge† and â€Å"Banrock Station†? What would you decide to do as Carson?As Millar? After struggling to manage things on his own, Carson hired an Australian marketing manager, he needed someone to come into the organization and take charge and get things done. The ne w hire, Paul Browne was an eight year veteran eager to capitalize on an opportunity to create a Hardy brand at the ? 3. 99 price point, but be able to promote it at ? 3. 49. Browne felt the market was ready for a fun brand that would appeal to a younger market. He came up with Kelly’s Revenge, with the support of the U. K. ales management Browne pursued the new product, creating colorful labels and preparing a detailed marketing plan. During this time BRLH in Australia was also creating a new product targeted at a similar price point. The Banrock Station brand was launched in Australia in 1996, its motto was â€Å"Good Earth, Fine Wine†. Banrock Station became an immediate success in Australia and New Zealand. With this success it was difficult for Browne to find a place for Kelly’s Revenge since both wines had the same price point in the U.K. My recommendation would be to produce Banrock Station since it was doing well in the market and Kelly’s Revenge was not well received when surveyed by consumers. In business there are tough decisions that need to be made, but I think the wise choice is going with the product that shows better potential. I think Carson and Millar were back to the dilemma they had regarding D’istinto. How would you compare the management style of Millar to Shackleton and Schulman?Millar, Shackleton, and Schulman were able to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals that worked for them. I think Schulman and Shackleton were similar in their leadership style because they were not selfish when it came to the success of their team. I think Shackleton was a bit stubborn and this caused him to get in his own way. Overall they possess great leadership skills which helped them to be successful in different ways. Even though Shackleton has passed, his legacy lives on because he did not allow rejection or an iceberg to stop him from his endeavor.The same goes for Schulman she could have played the victim, but she decided to have a voice and inspired others to be great. Millar on the other hand could have learned a few things from Schulman and Shackleton; I think he tried to separate himself from situations too much. He was focused on profits and he needed to put more emphasis on making sure teams meshed well. One example was the dissention between Carson and Davies. Millar could have been a better leader in handling the situation, putting each person in their respective â€Å"corner† does not solve the problem.